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Review Article

Online Publishing Date:
13 / 11 / 2019

 


Barrett’s esophagus with esophageal adenocarcinoma: risk factors with the current treatment modalities and the journey so far a comprehensive review of the literature

Chukwuemeka Daniel Iroegbu, HAO Zhang, Zhongxin Zhou.


Abstract
Barrett’s esophagus (BE) is defined as columnar metaplasia of the esophagus a premalignant condition where the esophageal squamous epithelium undergoes columnar changes with metaplasia which predisposes to the development of esophageal adenocarcinoma. Patients with BE are at increased risk for adenocarcinoma which develops in a metaplasia-dysplasia-carcinoma sequence. The definition of BE is still presently a worldwide controversy mainly concerning the diagnostic criteria of BE which histologically requires identifying goblet cells in biopsies. This review focuses on potential key regulators, epigenetic alterations, answer questions on the various controversial issues surrounding the definition, pathogenesis, histopathology, molecular biology, clinical aspects, surveillance, treatments, complications, management of dysplasia and early cancer. As a comprehensive review, it impartially systemizes knowledge from a large number of highly significant publications which describes the molecular and biochemical alterations occurring over BE progression sequence involving multidisciplinary subject from epidemiology, biomarkers, genomics/genetics, gastroenterology, gastrointestinal surgery, and endoscopic therapy.

Key words: Barrett’s esophagus, esophageal adenocarcinoma, Gastroesophageal reflux disease, Pathophysiology, Ablative techniques, Surveillance


 
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How to Cite this Article
Pubmed Style

Iroegbu CD, Zhang H, Zhou Z. Barrett’s esophagus with esophageal adenocarcinoma: risk factors with the current treatment modalities and the journey so far a comprehensive review of the literature. Int J Surg Med. 2019; 5(4): 185-197. doi:10.5455/ijsm.esophageal-adenocarcinoma

Web Style

Iroegbu CD, Zhang H, Zhou Z. Barrett’s esophagus with esophageal adenocarcinoma: risk factors with the current treatment modalities and the journey so far a comprehensive review of the literature. https://www.ejos.org/?mno=46569 [Access: February 20, 2024]. doi:10.5455/ijsm.esophageal-adenocarcinoma

AMA (American Medical Association) Style

Iroegbu CD, Zhang H, Zhou Z. Barrett’s esophagus with esophageal adenocarcinoma: risk factors with the current treatment modalities and the journey so far a comprehensive review of the literature. Int J Surg Med. 2019; 5(4): 185-197. doi:10.5455/ijsm.esophageal-adenocarcinoma


Vancouver/ICMJE Style

Iroegbu CD, Zhang H, Zhou Z. Barrett’s esophagus with esophageal adenocarcinoma: risk factors with the current treatment modalities and the journey so far a comprehensive review of the literature. Int J Surg Med. (2019), [cited February 20, 2024]; 5(4): 185-197. doi:10.5455/ijsm.esophageal-adenocarcinoma


Harvard Style

Iroegbu, C. D., Zhang, . H. & Zhou, . Z. (2019) Barrett’s esophagus with esophageal adenocarcinoma: risk factors with the current treatment modalities and the journey so far a comprehensive review of the literature. Int J Surg Med, 5 (4), 185-197. doi:10.5455/ijsm.esophageal-adenocarcinoma


Turabian Style

Iroegbu, Chukwuemeka Daniel, HAO Zhang, and Zhongxin Zhou. 2019. Barrett’s esophagus with esophageal adenocarcinoma: risk factors with the current treatment modalities and the journey so far a comprehensive review of the literature. International Journal of Surgery and Medicine, 5 (4), 185-197. doi:10.5455/ijsm.esophageal-adenocarcinoma


Chicago Style

Iroegbu, Chukwuemeka Daniel, HAO Zhang, and Zhongxin Zhou. "Barrett’s esophagus with esophageal adenocarcinoma: risk factors with the current treatment modalities and the journey so far a comprehensive review of the literature." International Journal of Surgery and Medicine 5 (2019), 185-197. doi:10.5455/ijsm.esophageal-adenocarcinoma


MLA (The Modern Language Association) Style

Iroegbu, Chukwuemeka Daniel, HAO Zhang, and Zhongxin Zhou. "Barrett’s esophagus with esophageal adenocarcinoma: risk factors with the current treatment modalities and the journey so far a comprehensive review of the literature." International Journal of Surgery and Medicine 5.4 (2019), 185-197. Print. doi:10.5455/ijsm.esophageal-adenocarcinoma


APA (American Psychological Association) Style

Iroegbu, C. D., Zhang, . H. & Zhou, . Z. (2019) Barrett’s esophagus with esophageal adenocarcinoma: risk factors with the current treatment modalities and the journey so far a comprehensive review of the literature. International Journal of Surgery and Medicine, 5 (4), 185-197. doi:10.5455/ijsm.esophageal-adenocarcinoma


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