E-ISSN 2367-699X | ISSN 2367-7414
 

Original Research

Online Publishing Date:
31 / 07 / 2016

 


NIPPLE RECONSTRUCTION USING THE C-V FLAP TECHNIQUE: LONG-TERM OUTCOMES

Lona Jalini, Jonathan Lund, Vijay Kurup.


Cited By: 1

Abstract
Introduction: Nipple creation using the C-V flap technique is often the final step in breast reconstruction. The aim of this study was to subjectively and objectively assess the cosmetic outcomes and satisfaction of patients undergoing C-V flap nipple reconstruction.
Methods: Subjective assessments of patient satisfaction with the neo-nipple were recorded by visual analogue scoring (VAS; 0-10). Objective measurements were performed using a calliper to measure nipple projection relative to the native breast. Descriptive data analysis was performed with differences in projection assessed with the Mann-Whitney test and mean and median VAS scores (with inter-quartile ranges; IQR) calculated to describe satisfaction.
Results: Thirty-three C-V flap nipple reconstructions were performed. 87.9% received latissimus dorsi (LD) reconstructions with implants and 12.1% had transverse rectus abdominis muscle (TRAM) reconstructions. The median projection of reconstructed nipples was 4.7 mm (range 4-10.2 mm) at 4.6 years mean follow-up, which was not significantly different from the contralateral nipple (p = 0.34). Patient satisfaction was 9 (IQR: 8-10) with shape, 9 (IQR: 7.5-10) with projection, 5 (IQR: 2-9.6) with sensation, and 8.5 (IQR: 6-9.5) with symmetry. Median overall satisfaction was 9 (IQR: 8-10). Three patients had complete nipple loss, of whom two had undergone nipple piercing post procedure and none had received radiotherapy.
Conclusion: C-V flap nipple reconstructions provide a simple and reliable method to reconstruct the nipple that enhances confidence and perception of body image. Satisfaction was high with long-term outcomes in terms of projection equivalent to the contralateral breast.

Key words: C-V flap; nipple reconstruction; patient satisfaction


 
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This Article Cited By the following articles

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How to Cite this Article
Pubmed Style

Lona Jalini, Jonathan Lund, Vijay Kurup. NIPPLE RECONSTRUCTION USING THE C-V FLAP TECHNIQUE: LONG-TERM OUTCOMES. Int J Surg Med. 2016; 2(3): 162-166. doi:10.5455/ijsm.nipplereconstruction


Web Style

Lona Jalini, Jonathan Lund, Vijay Kurup. NIPPLE RECONSTRUCTION USING THE C-V FLAP TECHNIQUE: LONG-TERM OUTCOMES. https://www.ejos.org/?mno=218970 [Access: February 21, 2024]. doi:10.5455/ijsm.nipplereconstruction


AMA (American Medical Association) Style

Lona Jalini, Jonathan Lund, Vijay Kurup. NIPPLE RECONSTRUCTION USING THE C-V FLAP TECHNIQUE: LONG-TERM OUTCOMES. Int J Surg Med. 2016; 2(3): 162-166. doi:10.5455/ijsm.nipplereconstruction



Vancouver/ICMJE Style

Lona Jalini, Jonathan Lund, Vijay Kurup. NIPPLE RECONSTRUCTION USING THE C-V FLAP TECHNIQUE: LONG-TERM OUTCOMES. Int J Surg Med. (2016), [cited February 21, 2024]; 2(3): 162-166. doi:10.5455/ijsm.nipplereconstruction



Harvard Style

Lona Jalini, Jonathan Lund, Vijay Kurup (2016) NIPPLE RECONSTRUCTION USING THE C-V FLAP TECHNIQUE: LONG-TERM OUTCOMES. Int J Surg Med, 2 (3), 162-166. doi:10.5455/ijsm.nipplereconstruction



Turabian Style

Lona Jalini, Jonathan Lund, Vijay Kurup. 2016. NIPPLE RECONSTRUCTION USING THE C-V FLAP TECHNIQUE: LONG-TERM OUTCOMES. International Journal of Surgery and Medicine, 2 (3), 162-166. doi:10.5455/ijsm.nipplereconstruction



Chicago Style

Lona Jalini, Jonathan Lund, Vijay Kurup. "NIPPLE RECONSTRUCTION USING THE C-V FLAP TECHNIQUE: LONG-TERM OUTCOMES." International Journal of Surgery and Medicine 2 (2016), 162-166. doi:10.5455/ijsm.nipplereconstruction



MLA (The Modern Language Association) Style

Lona Jalini, Jonathan Lund, Vijay Kurup. "NIPPLE RECONSTRUCTION USING THE C-V FLAP TECHNIQUE: LONG-TERM OUTCOMES." International Journal of Surgery and Medicine 2.3 (2016), 162-166. Print. doi:10.5455/ijsm.nipplereconstruction



APA (American Psychological Association) Style

Lona Jalini, Jonathan Lund, Vijay Kurup (2016) NIPPLE RECONSTRUCTION USING THE C-V FLAP TECHNIQUE: LONG-TERM OUTCOMES. International Journal of Surgery and Medicine, 2 (3), 162-166. doi:10.5455/ijsm.nipplereconstruction