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Review Article

Online Publishing Date:
15 / 12 / 2022

 


Presacral (retrorectal) tumors: a review of the literature for correct diagnosis and treatment, with emphasis on the most common tumors

Anestis Charalampopoulos, George Bagias, Efstratios Kofopoulos-Lymperis, George Kirkilesis, Marcos Perdicaris, Savvas Papagrigoriadis, Dimitrios Papakonstantinou.


Abstract
Presacral tumors are rare tumors of the lesser pelvis. They are reported in the literature as case report studies or case series studies with a small number of patients, collected after a long period of time in tertiary hospitals.
We carried out an extensive review of the literature and tried to cite the most recent publications on presacral tumors. PubMed and Google Scholar databases were searched systematically for studies related to presacral tumors from 1970 to 2022. Clinical and imaging data, main anatomical data with interest in surgical therapy, and pathological data of presacral tumors were collected. Surgical therapies, the implication of surgical specialties or other therapies as chemoradiation were reviewed.
Most common presacral tumors (55–70%) are congenital. The majorities are benign, and the most common benign presacral tumors are developmental cysts, while chordoma is the most common malignant presacral tumor and it is resistant to chemoradiation. After congenital tumors, neurogenic tumors follow in frequency (10% of presacral tumors), and the majority are benign entities (85% of neurogenic tumors). The next in frequency are osseous tumors (6–11% of presacral tumors), with the most common being the giant cell tumors and Ewing’s sarcoma.
Surgical treatment with radical excision is the main treatment after meticulous preoperative planning of the surgical approach to the tumors, based on imaging data collected, most surgical specialties may be involved in therapy. Surgery offers excellent results in benign entities. In malignant tumors, chemoradiation has limited indications as in Ewing’s sarcoma. The majority of the remaining sarcomas, after surgery, present high recurrences rates, high morbidity and low survival rates.
Surgery in benign presacral tumors (the majority of presacral tumors) offers excellent results. In malignant tumors, radical surgical resection with free surgical limits is the goal of surgery.

Key words: presacral tumors, surgery, lesser pelvis


 
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How to Cite this Article
Pubmed Style

Charalampopoulos A, Bagias G, Kofopoulos-Lymperis E, Kirkilesis G, Perdicaris M, Papagrigoriadis S, Papakonstantinou D. Presacral (retrorectal) tumors: a review of the literature for correct diagnosis and treatment, with emphasis on the most common tumors. Int J Surg Med. 2022; 8(5): 24-28. doi:10.5455/ijsm.136-1650963028

Web Style

Charalampopoulos A, Bagias G, Kofopoulos-Lymperis E, Kirkilesis G, Perdicaris M, Papagrigoriadis S, Papakonstantinou D. Presacral (retrorectal) tumors: a review of the literature for correct diagnosis and treatment, with emphasis on the most common tumors. https://www.ejos.org/?mno=27114 [Access: February 20, 2024]. doi:10.5455/ijsm.136-1650963028

AMA (American Medical Association) Style

Charalampopoulos A, Bagias G, Kofopoulos-Lymperis E, Kirkilesis G, Perdicaris M, Papagrigoriadis S, Papakonstantinou D. Presacral (retrorectal) tumors: a review of the literature for correct diagnosis and treatment, with emphasis on the most common tumors. Int J Surg Med. 2022; 8(5): 24-28. doi:10.5455/ijsm.136-1650963028


Vancouver/ICMJE Style

Charalampopoulos A, Bagias G, Kofopoulos-Lymperis E, Kirkilesis G, Perdicaris M, Papagrigoriadis S, Papakonstantinou D. Presacral (retrorectal) tumors: a review of the literature for correct diagnosis and treatment, with emphasis on the most common tumors. Int J Surg Med. (2022), [cited February 20, 2024]; 8(5): 24-28. doi:10.5455/ijsm.136-1650963028


Harvard Style

Charalampopoulos, A., Bagias, . G., Kofopoulos-Lymperis, . E., Kirkilesis, . G., Perdicaris, . M., Papagrigoriadis, . S. & Papakonstantinou, . D. (2022) Presacral (retrorectal) tumors: a review of the literature for correct diagnosis and treatment, with emphasis on the most common tumors. Int J Surg Med, 8 (5), 24-28. doi:10.5455/ijsm.136-1650963028


Turabian Style

Charalampopoulos, Anestis, George Bagias, Efstratios Kofopoulos-Lymperis, George Kirkilesis, Marcos Perdicaris, Savvas Papagrigoriadis, and Dimitrios Papakonstantinou. 2022. Presacral (retrorectal) tumors: a review of the literature for correct diagnosis and treatment, with emphasis on the most common tumors. International Journal of Surgery and Medicine, 8 (5), 24-28. doi:10.5455/ijsm.136-1650963028


Chicago Style

Charalampopoulos, Anestis, George Bagias, Efstratios Kofopoulos-Lymperis, George Kirkilesis, Marcos Perdicaris, Savvas Papagrigoriadis, and Dimitrios Papakonstantinou. "Presacral (retrorectal) tumors: a review of the literature for correct diagnosis and treatment, with emphasis on the most common tumors." International Journal of Surgery and Medicine 8 (2022), 24-28. doi:10.5455/ijsm.136-1650963028


MLA (The Modern Language Association) Style

Charalampopoulos, Anestis, George Bagias, Efstratios Kofopoulos-Lymperis, George Kirkilesis, Marcos Perdicaris, Savvas Papagrigoriadis, and Dimitrios Papakonstantinou. "Presacral (retrorectal) tumors: a review of the literature for correct diagnosis and treatment, with emphasis on the most common tumors." International Journal of Surgery and Medicine 8.5 (2022), 24-28. Print. doi:10.5455/ijsm.136-1650963028


APA (American Psychological Association) Style

Charalampopoulos, A., Bagias, . G., Kofopoulos-Lymperis, . E., Kirkilesis, . G., Perdicaris, . M., Papagrigoriadis, . S. & Papakonstantinou, . D. (2022) Presacral (retrorectal) tumors: a review of the literature for correct diagnosis and treatment, with emphasis on the most common tumors. International Journal of Surgery and Medicine, 8 (5), 24-28. doi:10.5455/ijsm.136-1650963028


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